Introduction
In our last edition, we primarily looked at false prophets and teachers focusing upon two false prophets in the Old Testament who were Balaam of Peor and Hananiah. This is the second part of the teaching about false prophets and teachers.
What Jesus said about False Prophets and Teachers
There was a prediction by Moses that there would come a prophet after Moses who would be “like Moses”. (Deut. 18:15-19 ) That great prophet was Jesus. Also Jesus was the great teacher. We have Jesus in the Temple learning from the scholars and asking them questions when he was twelve (Lk. 2:41-49). As an adult Jesus confounded the Pharisees with his teaching and the people commenting that Jesus taught “with authority.”(See Matt. 7:29). Jesus confounded those who sought to trap him and answered the hardest questions. His teaching on the Sermon on the Mount is considered to be one of the best examples of teaching the world has ever seen. Jesus was the Great Teacher. In other words, Jesus is the True Prophet and Teacher.
Jesus warned us about false prophets in Matthew 7:15-16 which says:
Watch out for false prophets. They come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly
they are ferocious wolves. By their fruit you shall recognize them.
Do people pick grapes from thornbushes, or figs from thistles?
Jesus also warned his followers to beware of the leaven of the Pharisees. ( Acts 16:11). In essence, this meant that the teaching of the Pharisees had an element in it which was of the world and was not holy. Often, teaching which is a mixture of truth and lies is meant to deceive and to mislead. This false teaching resulted in Jesus labeling the Pharisees as “hypocrites”(Matt 23:13,15), “blind guides” (Matt. 23:16, 24) and “blind fools” (Matt. 23:17).
When asked about the destruction of the Temple and the end of the age, Jesus warned his disciples about false messiahs and false prophets. In Matt. 24:11, Jesus said that “At that time…many false prophets will appear and deceive many people.” Similarly, Jesus at Matt. 24:23-25 Jesus said the following:
At that time if anyone says to you, “Look, here is the Messiah! Or “There
he is!” do not believe it. For false messiahs and false prophets
will appear and perform great signs and wonders and deceive,
if possible, even the elect. See, I have told you ahead of time.
Indeed, false messiahs and false prophets did appear as warned. Various individuals encouraged the Jews to revolt against the Romans, many of whom claimed to be the Messiah. Some of them were:
· Dositheus the Samaritan who claimed he was the Messiah
· Theudas who appeared during the time Cuspius Fadus was procurator (44-46 A.D.). He claimed to be able to part the Jordan River. He failed to do so.
· An Egyptian Imposter around 55 A.D. who had about 30,000 followers
· Simon Bar Giora. He wore a white tunic and a purple cape and called himself “King of the Jews”. He fought against the Romans and ultimately was defeated and taken to Rome and executed.
· Simon Bar Kokhba-rebelled against the Jews and set up an independent Jewish State. Eventually Bar Kokhba and his followers were killed at the Battle of Beitar near Jerusalem (circa 135 A.D.).
In short, Jesus warned his followers that they could expect to encounter a spirit of deception. This deception can take many different forms including false shepherds, false apostles, false prophets and “antichrist” spirits. Keep in mind that the term “antichrist” can mean not only against Christ but an alternative to Christ such as false Messiahs.
The antichrist spirit
Anything which is set up as an alternative to Jesus Christ can fall within the term of an “antichrist” spirit. False messiahs fall within this term because they are alternatives to Jesus Christ. Again, the antichrist spirit is associated with false prophets and false teachers. 1 John 4:1-6 says the following:
Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God, for many false prophets have gone out into the world. 2 By this you know the Spirit of God: every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, 3 and every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you heard was coming and now is in the world already. 4 Little children, you are from God and have overcome them, for he who is in you is greater than he who is in the world. 5 They are from the world; therefore they speak from the world, and the world listens to them. 6 We are from God. Whoever knows God listens to us; whoever is not from God does not listen to us. By this we know the Spirit of truth and the spirit of error.
Therefore one of the tests is whether the spirit confesses that Jesus has come in the flesh. See also 1 John 2:18-23 which says:
18 Children, it is the last hour, and as you have heard that antichrist is coming, so now many antichrists have come. Therefore we know that it is the last hour. 19 They went out from us, but they were not of us; for if they had been of us, they would have continued with us. But they went out, that it might become plain that they all are not of us. 20 But you have been anointed by the Holy One, and you all have knowledge.[a] 21 I write to you, not because you do not know the truth, but because you know it, and because no lie is of the truth. 22 Who is the liar but he who denies that Jesus is the Christ? This is the antichrist, he who denies the Father and the Son. 23 No one who denies the Son has the Father. Whoever confesses the Son has the Father also.
As the young Christian Church expanded, it did run into false prophets, false teachers, false apostles and antichrists. Some, as John said in the passage above, left the church and began to preach heresy claiming that Jesus had not really died, that Jesus had not been fully human and that it was all right to sin because sin only caused God to move in additional forgiveness and mercy. Further, the young church ran into other false teachings including that Jesus had never come in the flesh and various beliefs such as Gnosticism. A number of heresies denied that Jesus was fully man or fully God or that Jesus had really come in the flesh. The intent of these heresies and false teachings and beliefs were to water down the gospel of Jesus Christ and the concept of salvation through God’s grace through faith and the sinless sacrifice of Jesus Christ as the Lamb of God and Savior of the world. In particular, John focused upon those who would deny that Jesus was the Christ (or promised Messiah) referring to such people as “antichrist.” Further, John taught that the denial of Jesus as the Messianic Son of God was in effect a denial of the Father as well. (1 Jn. 2:22-23). Similarly, John links the false prophet with the spirit of the antichrist stating that we as believers must “test the spirits” for many “false prophets have gone out into the world.” John states that every spirit which does not acknowledge that Jesus “came in the flesh” is not from God and that this is “the spirit of the antichrist” (1 Jn. 4:1-4).
The young church would run into false teachers and false prophets. Some of the false prophets which the believers encountered in the New Testament were people like Simon the Sorcerer (Acts 8:9-11), a false prophet known as Barjesus (Son of Jesus) in Cyprus (Acts 13:6-10) and a young slave girl who prophesied with a spirit of divination in Greece (Acts 16:16).
Paul and False Prophets and Teachers
The Apostle Paul was emphatic in warning the young Church about false prophets and teachers.
In Acts 20, Paul prayed with the elders of Ephesus and said at verses 29-31:
I know that when I leave, savage wolves will come in among you, and
will not spare the flock. Even from your own number men will
arise and distort the truth in order to draw away disciples after them.
So be on your guard! Remember that for three years,
I never stopped warning each of you night and day with tears.
Note that Paul used words similar to Jesus about savage wolves. One of the characteristics Paul mentions was that these false leaders would sow disunity and draw people away through distorting the truth. Much of the distortion of truth relates to false teachings that would occur about the nature and saving work of Jesus.
In Paul’s letter to the Church at Corinth he talked about “super Apostles” who came into the church. These individuals often pushed the concept that in order to be saved one must first follow the Jewish law. They promoted circumcision of the flesh instead of circumcision of the heart through faith. Paul said the following about these individuals at 2 Cor. 11:13-15:
13 For such men are false apostles, deceitful workmen, disguising themselves as apostles of Christ. 14 And no wonder, for even Satan disguises himself as an angel of light. 15 So it is no surprise if his servants, also, disguise themselves as servants of righteousness. Their end will correspond to their deeds.
The young church was in a war against deception, counterfeits, false prophets and false teachers all who through the will of Satan sought to keep the church from carrying out its mission. Unbelief and worldliness attacked the church from without but false doctrine and teaching attacked it from within. All of this time, God through the work of the Holy Spirit and the faithfulness of the apostles and believers protected the truth of God and the message that God had sent His only son to save the world and further that the Son of God was both fully man and fully God.
Paul warned the people at the church at Rome regarding those who would come in and cause strife and division at Romans 16:17-19 and described them as follows:
17 I appeal to you, brothers, to watch out for those who cause divisions and create obstacles contrary to the doctrine that you have been taught; avoid them. 18 For such persons do not serve our Lord Christ, but their own appetites,[a] and by smooth talk and flattery they deceive the hearts of the naive. 19 For your obedience is known to all, so that I rejoice over you, but I want you to be wise as to what is good and innocent as to what is evil.
Paul warned his churches about those who would come in and preach a different gospel than the one which he delivered. The language which Paul uses, at least to me, echoes the language Moses used at Deuteronomy 13:1-5 when he warned people not to believe in false gods even if there were signs and wonders. Paul says at Gal. 1:6-9:
6 I am astonished that you are so quickly deserting him who called you in the grace of Christ and are turning to a different gospel— 7 not that there is another one, but there are some who trouble you and want to distort the gospel of Christ. 8 But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach to you a gospel contrary to the one we preached to you, let him be accursed. 9 As we have said before, so now I say again: If anyone is preaching to you a gospel contrary to the one you received, let him be accursed.
Paul was concerned about those who came into the church and taught false doctrines about Christ. He described these false teachings and false teachers in more detail in his letter to Timothy. He tells Timothy that in these “later times” deceiving spirits would come into the church and teach things based upon salvation by acts such as not marrying and abstaining from certain foods. This is described at 1 Tim. 4:1-3, 5; 1 Tim. 6:3-5:
Now the Spirit expressly says that in later times some will depart from the faith by devoting themselves to deceitful spirits and teachings of demons, 2 through the insincerity of liars whose consciences are seared, 3 who forbid marriage and require abstinence from foods that God created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and know the truth.
3 If anyone teaches a different doctrine and does not agree with the sound words of our Lord Jesus Christ and the teaching that accords with godliness, 4 he is puffed up with conceit and understands nothing. He has an unhealthy craving for controversy and for quarrels about words, which produce envy, dissension, slander, evil suspicions, 5 and constant friction among people who are depraved in mind and deprived of the truth, imagining that godliness is a means of gain.
In essence, false teachers would come into the church. They deceive by distorting the gospel. They often teach a gospel of works instead of a gospel by grace. They are likely to teach false views regarding who Jesus is and what Jesus did for us all. Part of their motivation for coming into the church is to draw members into obeying the false teachers and making money off of the members of the church.
Another early Christian author, Jude, described these false prophets and teachers at Jude 1 4:
4 For certain individuals whose condemnation was written about long ago have secretly slipped in among you. They are ungodly people, who pervert the grace of our God into a license for immorality and deny Jesus Christ our only Sovereign and Lord.
Jude, therefore, describes the same false prophets and teachers as being identified through their immoral actions and having doctrines which deny Jesus Christ.
Characteristics of False Prophets and Teachers
Our study of scriptures identify numerous characteristics of false teachers and false prophets. Some of those characteristics are the following:
· False shepherds, prophets and teachers masquerade as real shepherds, prophets and teachers.
· They proclaim “freedom” but are slaves to the flesh
· They are licentious and sexually immoral.
· They cause dissensions and draw people away from true shepherds. They cause conflict.
· They are greedy and seek to make money off the flock.
· They corrupt good teaching through bad teaching.
· They attack the faith through weakening the key aspects of our Faith regarding who Christ is and what the work of salvation is.
· They often encourage people to earn salvation through ascetic or other practices.
· They require other things for salvation such as being circumcised, eating the right foods or taking other actions.
· They promote controversies and deceive with clever words. They use smooth talk and flattery.
· They describe themselves as apostles of Christ.
· They often come up with new “revelations” from God.
· They depart from the Bible and the written word of God.
· They deny that Jesus was the promised Messiah.
· They deny that Jesus came in the flesh.
· They deny that Jesus was truly God.
A few historical comments
I conclude this section with a few historical comments regarding false teaching, false apostles and false prophecy. As most of you can imagine, the attempt to deceive the church is not new. In fact I believe that it began in the Garden of Eden and continued to manifest itself with the prophets, during the time of Christ and through the church age.
Without going into any detail, the early church was barraged by a succession of heresies including Gnosticism, Arianism, Nestorianism and many, many more. The attempt of the historical church to deal with these heresies led to the development of a canon where the church sought to determine the books which should be included in the New Testament such as the Muratorian Canon in 180 A.D. As various ideas tried to creep into the church about the nature of Christ, various councils and creeds were developed to define the nature of Christ and beliefs which were central to the Christian Faith. Among these creeds were creeds such as The Apostles Creed and The Nicene Creed. These creeds developed after much effort, prayer and debate and therefore, in my opinion, should not be taken lightly. I would encourage you to respect these efforts. I personally recall sitting down one evening in a church meeting and hearing people discussing their beliefs in Christ and found that I heard at least eight different heresies which in the first four centuries of our Christian history had been determined to be identifiable and theological error. It seems to me that we do not need to “reinvent the wheel” but should take advantage of our early church history without having to continuously refight the same Christological battles. It is for this reason I both subscribe to the Apostle’s Creed and the Nicene Creed.
We live in a time in which false belief is often found in churches because people are not taught the Word of God or the Bible. In addition, people are relatively ignorant of the church’s efforts to identify theological truth. Further, our intellectual institutions and even seminaries have weakened the strength of the Bible and its authority over our lives. This is not a new development. Satan has long sought to dilute the word of God and bring it into disrepute through false prophets and false teachers.
Unfortunately in the age of televangelism we have seen a plethora of false teachers and false prophets. We have been amazed at the amount of money which they have extracted from the poor flock. Moreover, we have been horrified by a succession of Christian leaders who have exhibited sexual immorality to the world and brought the way of Christ into disrepute. A number of these have shown token repentance and have been “restored” only to continue to the next episode of their immorality. Even worse, the victims of their immorality are often not believed and are stigmatized. Truly among, this corrupt crew of teachers and profits “godliness” has become a gateway to great gain for them personally.
Further there are a number of books and articles which attack the divinity of Christ, the ability of Christ to save, the actual existence of Christ and the authority of Scriptures as being from God. All of these things can fall under the heading of being “false teaching.” The purpose of this false teaching is to deceive believers and defeat the church and the plan of God to bring salvation to mankind. Again, Satan comes to kill, steal and destroy and he constantly re-utilizes the concept of “Has God really said?” Other related concepts are that “You can’t believe the Bible!” Satan does not want you to believe the Word of God or to have faith. If Jesus says, “I am the way to God and there is no other way” then Satan’s response is “There are many paths to God. You can get to God without Jesus, just be a good person.” In short, Satan presents an “antigospel” or an “alternative gospel.”
Both I and my readers have a number of views regarding the Book of Revelation and the End Times. These are areas where fellow Christians have disagreed since the very early years of the church and disagree about even today. However, it is clear that the early church believed in the existence of false teachers, false apostles, false prophets and an antichrist spirit. That deception which began in the Garden, existed at the time of Christ and continued afterwards is expected by many believers to become even more pronounced as time goes on.
Jesus and Paul and others warned us that the church would be attacked by ravenous wolves and it has and may be again. Jesus even warned us that there will be those who use His name and do miracles who He will not acknowledge at the end of time. We are left with the sobering verses from Matthew 7: 21-23
21 “Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but the one who does the will of my Father who is in heaven. 22 On that day many will say to me, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and cast out demons in your name, and do many mighty works in your name?’ 23 And then will I declare to them, ‘I never knew you; depart from me, you workers of lawlessness.’
Final Comment on False Prophets
We live in a time in which history is either being forgotten or rewritten. As I look at the history of the church, I find that much has been written regarding the evils of the historical church but little has been written about the good that it caused. Likewise, our beliefs today about religion and the decrease in those who believe in the historical tenets of Christianity warp our view regarding the history of Christianity.
One can scarcely talk about the beliefs that false prophets would arise without touching upon Islam and Mohammed. Today to suggest that Mohammed was a false prophet is almost a heresy in a society that accepts all varieties of faith without outrage other than evangelical Christianity which seems to be red-circled for abuse among the elite and the “educated.” If one looks at older commentaries such as The Pulpit Commentary and many other commentaries, it is clear that authors in prior years saw Mohammed as a “false prophet” and falling clearly under the terms of “false prophet” as used in Scripture.
Some of the reasons from a historical reason for this conclusion might include:
· Practical eradication of Christianity in countries where Political Islam is in control.
· Historical methods of wiping out Christianity such as forbidding evangelism, increased taxation of Christians and practical discrimination against Christians in Muslim Countries.
· Historic wars between Islam and Christianity including having to stop Islamic expansion military including various key military battles which stopped the expansion of Islam militarily into the West.
· The wiping out of areas which were Christian strongholds in North Africa and elsewhere.
· The conversion of the largest and most glorious church in the East, St. Sophia’s, into a stable for horses and later into a mosque.
· The eradication of Christianity in the area where the seven churches of Revelation are mentioned and conversion of those areas into Islamic territories. The seven churches are now eradicated and that area now totally belongs to Islam and has for fourteen hundred years.
· At every key Christian location in the Holy Land including the places where Christ was born, buried and resurrected, mosques are built and there is a continuous cry regarding Mohammed being the Prophet of God across from Christian Holy Places. Islamic prayer and the Islamic proclamation of Mohammed as Prophet is open, obvious and aggressive.
· On the Dome of the Rock over Jerusalem there are clear antichristian proclamations including the following Arabic inscriptions:
“The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, was only a messenger of God and His Word which He conveyed unto Mary, and a spirit from Him. So believe in God and His messengers, and say not “Three”-Cease!
“Muhammad is the Messenger of God”
“Praise be to God, who hath not taken unto Himself a son and who hath no partner in the Sovereignty….”
It is relatively clear to me from a historical standpoint, that Non-Christian religions (including Islam) can fall under the categories of alternative Christs, false prophets and false teaching. Although our study has generally focused upon deception aimed at the local church, it is also clear that Satan can use deception at the macro-level including national deceit. After the Millennium, Rev. 20:8 states that Satan will go out and “deceive the nations”. Although people have different views on what and when the Millennium is, I believe that the framework is already in place for national level deceit. Historically, I believe that such things as the notion that slavery of blacks is justifiable is a national level type of deceit. Moreover, concepts such as a Master Race and Persecution of the Jews was a national level deceit which was promulgated and enhanced by people such as Hitler, Goebbels and Himmler. Today national level deceit might be illustrated by concepts such as abortion is not only permissible but a good thing might be an example of deceit at a national level. Further the concept that any type of sexuality is permitted and those who object to it are bigots might be an example of deceit practiced at a national level. The drawing of the national and world community together in closer proximity through information media and the internet facilitates the ability for deceit and falsehood to expand exponentially.
In these end times, false prophets, teachers and alternatives to Christ and the means of salvation will continue to grow. We have seen these types of deceptions in the historical context and can expect to see them in the future. We will not only see them in terms of the local church, in terms of false alternatives to Christianity through an assortment of pagan and modern religions, but we can also expect to see them increase politically in history. We see examples in the past through national movements which demand sovereignty over belief in God. These might include such historical instances of antichristian political leaders such as Antiochus Epiphanes, Nero, Frederick II, Hitler, Stalin, Mao and others. These political authorities proclaim themselves as supreme and seek to usurp the place of God who is the King of Kings and Lord of Lords. Alongside these despotic leaders is always the alternative of fleshly religious practices and a worldly and secular materialism all of which offer themselves as alternatives to Christ.
To stand against them we have the presence of God, the Holy Spirit, the written word of God and the Church which is the Bride of Christ. Do not be dismayed by our enemies. We are the Army of God and against Christ the enemies of God will never prevail even though heaven and earth may pass away.